PMC

HeLa cells were pre-treated overnight with DMSO (solvent control) [calpain inhibitor (-)] or with calpain inhibitor, PD150606 [calpain inhibitor (+)]. HeLa cells were washed and re-treated immediately prior to treated without vibration (-) [striped bar] or with vibration (+) [solid bar]. The perimeter of each cell (≥100) was delineated including any protrusions and the cell area was measured (AU). Data shown as average cell area (AU) for all cells measured (±sem for three independent experiments). * = p < 0.05 Vibration (+)/Calpain(-) [solid bar] vs. Vibration (-)/Calpain(-) [striped bar]. ** = p < 0.05 Vibration (+)/Calpain Inhibitor (+) vs. Vibration (+)/Calpain Inhibitor (-). No significant difference was noted between Vibration (+)/Calpain Inhibitor (+) and other sample groups [Vibration (-)/Calpain Inhibitor (+) or Vibration (-) / Calpain Inhibitor (-)].

Cross-sectional morphology of laser cladding with or without vibration: (a) without vibration; (b) with 1D vibration; (c) with 2D vibration; (d) with 3D vibration; (e) without vibration in high magnifications; (f) with 1D vibration in high magnifications; (g) with 2D vibration in high magnifications; (h) with 3D vibration in high magnifications.

Normalised RMS EMG amplitude (mean ± SD) of the m.tibialis anterior and m. soleus during unloaded and loaded shank for each condition during whole-body vibration and tendon vibration. L: loaded; UL: unloaded; ATV: tendon vibration; WBV: whole-body vibration.

Representative immunoblot of cytoplasmic lysates from HeLa cells without vibration (vibration -) or with increasing levels of vibration [vibration (+) and vibration (++) representing 600 and 1200 rpm, respectively]. Lysates probed for calpain-1 [top panel] and beta-actin [bottom panel] as a loading control. Similar levels of beta-actin support that calpain increase was not a consequence of loading differences. Marker indicates molecular marker bands corresponding to protein size (kD) (A). Relative calpain-1 protein, a ratio of the calpain-1 to beta-actin band peak densities for each immunoblot (n = 3), expressed as average (± sem for three independent experiments). (B). * = p < 0.05 Vibration (++) [dark, solid bar] vs. Vibration (-) [striped bar]. No significant difference noted between Vibration (+) [gray bar] vs. Vibration (-).